The target group for this text is children from 3 to 5 years old. The problem of translation is to retreat to a simpler tenor of one's own style and creatively adjust this to one's author." are all part of modern life, of reality. no longer tolerate incomprehensible expert texts. Viborg: Det Danske Bibelselskab. See also Shavit (1986) on the translation/transfer of childrens literature. The target group for this text is families, especially young people and children. Modern high-tech society with its international cooperation and intercultural communication in business as well as in political and cultural life has led to demands for many different kinds of translation or translation-like activities which often exceed the boundaries of what translation theory traditionally terms translation proper. Maria og Josef gav ham navnet Jesus, sdan som englen havde sagt de skulle. In theory, translation studies does not exclude intralingual translation, but de facto empirical studies or discussions on the subject of intralingual translation are few and far between. What is so remarkable here is that this illusory effect conceals the numerous conditions under which the translation is made . a comparative analysis of strategies in text production. Scholars argue that translation within the same language has existed for as long as language has existed, and arguably civilisation itself. When planning this case study, a number of different examples of intralingual translation were considered. You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. Intralingual vs. Interlingual translaiton - a comparative analysis of strategies in text production In translation studies, a distinction can be made between interlingual translation and intralingual translation, depending on whether translation occurs between two languages or in one language. Throughout the article the discussion will rely on an open definition of translation which reflects the many-faceted nature of the activity. At one point we have a writer in a room, struggling to approximate the impossible vision that hovers over his head. The entire text is one long paraphrase, not a single phrase is identical to the 1948 version. This is especially true when a nation is weak and backward. Close attention has been paid to the authorised version, no major additions or paraphrasing have taken place, though some explicitation has been made (objective additions). However, it is not a mere linguistic transfer. The picture Bible for very small children from 1991 is naturally very different from the 1948 authorised version, but in many ways resembles the family Bible for children from 1973 as regards explanations, explicitations, lexical and syntactical simplification, the addition of pictures as well as textual additions to enhance childrens comprehension of and interest in the text (with one exception though: all additions are factual, i.e., objective). In other words, Newmarks definition leaves no room for changing skopoi or intralingual translation and it implies that the field of translation studies is not open to insights originating from other kinds of translation than translation proper. We can all, Im sure, think of multiple terms to describe human excrement and if they dont come to mind, do ask your nearest 5-6 year olds and youll have a full list in no time but in his exploration of the language of landscape, nature writer Robert MacFarlane unearthed a surprising number of forgotten English terms for animal dung. Parents and primary teachers ask pupils to learn and recite the texts, which are difficult even for adults. The changes made centre around the difference in time between the two versions and the aim is to make a traditional, close translation/version gently brought up to date to make it more accessible to contemporary readers. Similarities as well as differences between rewording and translation proper are discussed, the conclusion being that the differences between intralingual and interlingual translation seem to be more a question of degree than of kind. The definition will. On the basis of these insights, I attempted to set up an alternative definition of translation which is able to contain a wide range of translational phenomena, including that of intralingual translation, but which is still narrow enough to be meaningful to the field of translation studies. To grasp the intralingual translation of the word Ereignis as Heidegger translates this word into the prefix Er- and the construct eignis, we must bear in mind that this translation does not take its orientation from a dictionary. Here the source text can be described in words and then translated into an image or visual narrative that may release a similar message as the original words while also creating new meanings and associations. Novices (second-semester MA students of specialized translation or journalism ), Experienced text producers (at least five years of experience), Intralingual vs. Interlingual translaiton. Dr. Richard Nordquist is professor emeritus of rhetoric and English at Georgia Southern University and the author of several university-level grammar and composition textbooks. 13 In it, and more specifically, in the part of the book devoted to the theory and methodology of translation, Kakridis discussed intralingual translation and its attendant problems . A translator can take, in this case, the advantage of previous intralingual translations as a remedy for his interpretation of classic Chinese texts. The Source Text Postulate, The Transfer Postulate and the Relationship Postulate (Toury 1995: 33-35). Holmes (1972/2000) encourages us to describe, explain and predict, but to my knowledge the literature does not offer a systematic empirically-based account of intralingual translation, so this is what will be attempted in the following. Are the strategies applied in intralingual translation different from those applied in interlingual translation? "Translation: Definition and Examples." We offer a diverse selection of courses from leading universities and cultural institutions from around the world. on the map of translation studies and encourage future empirical research the aim of the present article is to take a closer look at intralingual translation in order to describe this kind of translation and the strategies involved and to compare it with translation proper. Accessibility Statement. Nothing has been added and nothing has been paraphrased. . It is not a shame for a translator in so doing; instead, this process indicates expertise, sincerity, and responsibility. Tymoczko (1998, 2005) is not particularly concerned with intralingual translation, but her arguments for a broad perception of translation are very relevant. And Joseph also went up from Galilee, out of the city of Nazareth, into Judaea, unto the city of David, which is called Bethlehem; (because he was of the house and lineage of David:). Intralingual Translation: An Attempt at Description. Almost all of the text has been paraphrased and as could be expected lexis and syntax have been simplified in the process. The four intralingual translations into Danish are the following in chronological order: A family picture Bible from 1973[7] (236 words), A picture Bible for very small children from 1991[8] (158 words), The Danish authorised version from 1992 (88 words), The New Testament in everyday Danish from 1985/2002[9] (89 words). Intralingual translation or rewriting, according to Roman Jakobson, is an interpreta-tion of verbal signs by means of other signs of the same languages. (Michael Cunningham, "Found in Translation." FutureLearn uses cookies to enhance your experience of the website. How do I view content? What they offer is a description of the fundamental activity of translation, but a description which relies on open concepts and which is therefore able and willing to include a whole range of examples, from the prototypical to the peripheral, depending on the distance in question from the prototypical definition of the concepts involved. A British book, then, can be foreign for American readers. Mllehave, Johannes (1991): Alle brns Bibel. Though the Danish 1948 version has not been translated from King James, but from Greek, it reads as an almost direct translation thereof (92 words): Og alle gik hen for at lade sig indskrive, hver til sin by. [] because it is always warm in a stable with animals, especially if they are cows. In my view neither of these two requirements are necessary conditions for a document/product to constitute a translation and they would effectively exclude all intralingual translation. Definition of intralingual in the Definitions.net dictionary. A closer look reveals that the extended number of words comes from a large number of factual explanations and the addition of factual information to enhance childrens understanding of the text. And so it was, that, while they were there, the days were accomplished that she should be delivered. The witness is intimidated by the formality of the court setting, and assumes that the unfamiliar word, 'fracas', is a polite euphemism. Eva Hung ( later revised Eileen Changs translation with an introduction and had it published by Columbia University Press. In addition, this may entail that there is also more room for interpretation, and perhaps even a certain degree of subjectivity, in intralingual translation (the extremely subjective additions in the family Bible would certainly not be deemed acceptable in interlingual translation, but probably not in the majority of intralingual translations either! Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab. 2. We therefore acknowledge our responsibility in the editorial interpretation of the source text The translation is thus a free translation, neither a word-for-word translation, nor a paraphrase.[11]. An example of Hindi-Urdu scriptural translation is shown in Figure 1. Kakridis (1901-92), who, for the first time, wrote a book entitled The Translation Problem (To Metafrastiko Provlima). The novel had been neglected by the major scholars for a couple of decades until it was discovered by Lu Xun () and Hu Shi(). The aim of the description is to function as a tertium comparationes when trying to determine family resemblances. It has been used and practiced in the construction of Chinese Baihua (modern vernacular) and promoted Chinas new literary movement in the early 20th century. Register to receive personalised research and resources by email. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page. These are delivered one step at a time, and are accessible on mobile, tablet and desktop, so you can fit learning around your life. (PDF) INTRALINGUAL TRANSLATION AS A MEANS OF INTERGENERATIONAL COMMUNICATION: A LINGUISTIC APPROACH INTRALINGUAL TRANSLATION AS A MEANS OF INTERGENERATIONAL COMMUNICATION: A LINGUISTIC. London and Cambridge: The MIT Press. The length is almost the same, namely 88 words. The source texts in this case can be a classic text, or text in dialect which . However, my aim was not to describe intralingual translation within a limited area, but to attempt a general characterisation of the phenomenon through the microstrategies used in creating the new versions. Nu elskede Maria en mand, som hed Josef. If we regard translation as a cluster concept, i.e., as an open concept, our requirements for category membership do not take the form of necessary conditions, but family resemblances; sometimes overall similarities, sometimes similarities of detail which overlap and criss-cross (Wittgenstein 1953/1958: section 66-67) in the same way as resemblances between members of a family. Apart from the obvious difference of the number of national languages involved, the most significant difference seems to be that in many kinds of intralingual translation simplification[14] is the keyword. The version for very small children which is analysed is based on an English-language version (The Beginners Bible) and in the case of the New Testament in everyday Danish, the translators state in its preface that they have consulted several new foreign versions, especially The Living Bible in English, but that the Danish translation is considerably closer to the source text than the former. Here the source text can be described in words and then 'translated' into an image or visual narrative that may release a similar message as the original words while also creating new meanings and associations. The parameter of knowledge often involves interpretation (explicitation, explanation, addition) of information which may be objective (It can be very cold outside in the winter in Judaea []) or subjective (the political/feminist comments of the 1973 family Bible). How to Use Pull Quotes to Add Visual Flare to Articles, How to Use Google Translate to Teach English, Body Language in the Communication Process, What Is Parsing? A legendary story in dialects has finally been developed into the legendary world of intralingual, interlingual and inter-semiotic translations. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/translation-language-1692560. Maria and Joseph gave him the name Jesus, just as the angel had told them to. Un article de la revue Meta (Volume 54, numro 4, dcembre 2009, p. 643-890) diffuse par la plateforme rudit. xii Book Endorsement Basics of Translation, by Dr Mahmoud Altarabin, a promising writer on translation, is a well-organized textbook in terms of the translation What a miracle! The numbers refer to the verse numbers. The aim is to get the target group to accept the text as of contemporary relevance and to reduce the time spent reading and understanding the text. This suggests that generally the difference in strategies between intralingual and interlingual translation is a question of degree and motivation rather than kind. Viborg: Scandinavia. The intralingual translation that will be studied is a specific example: the rewriting of British novels for the North American market. In this way we are able to reach a broad though still meaningful description of translation, relevant to the field of translation studies, which does not exclude, in particular, intralingual translation: A source text exists or has existed at some point in time. Nordquist, Richard. Once Jakobsons seminal text with its very broad philosophical and hermeneutic definition of translation has served its purpose of defining translation, authors quickly move on to the field of translation proper, or to the restricted area of translation proper which has their particular interest. In this approach, the source language, i.e. Complete equivalence as well as absolute synonymy is very rare (if it exists at all) and this fundamental dilemma of interpretation is shared by rewording as well as translation proper (Steiner 1975: 261): What Jakobson calls rewording an interpretation of verbal signs by means of other signs in the same language in fact raises issues of the same order as translation proper (Steiner 1975: 414). Intuitively even laymen would know what a translation is and would probably define it in a way which corresponds to the prototypical translation proper in Jakobsons terminology. I can express the notion 'four year old male uncastrated domesticated reindeer' in English. & Associates, Inc. If we know more about differences as well as similarities, the insights provided by both fields would be more useful. The barrier is the obvious fact that one language differs from the other [] Exactly the same model and this is what is rarely stressed is operative within a single language. The authorised versions in Danish which have been produced through the times are translated from Greek (New Testament) and Hebrew (Old Testament), but the translators quite naturally consult translations into e.g. Learn more about how FutureLearn is transforming access to education. Even on the basis of a hermeneutic approach it still makes sense to try to delimit the field of translation studies, the question is in which way? Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page However, despite Jakobsons classical definition, intralingual translation or rewording is extremely peripheral to translation studies, more so than it deserves, and the relationship between interlingual and intralingual translation is a neglected area of research, as is a thorough description of intralingual translation; it is next to impossible to find any relevant literature. RIS Privacy Policy The discipline concerned with issues related to the production of translations is called translation studies. 643-890, 3. Intralingual translation shares with translation proper the idea of changing form but maintaining meaning and the need to adjust to different audiences and expectations. [] and then the bed was as soft and as clean as you could ask for. These separate definitions do of course not mean that both types cannot be at play in the same text or instance of translation an element of intralingual translation may well be part of the skopos of an interlingual translation (see examples in Zethsen forthcoming). Newmarks definition (1999) is very narrow indeed; it includes only translation proper and strongly relies on the much criticised concept of equivalence (Snell-Hornby 1988; Zethsen 2004). intralingual Definitions (linguistics, translation studies) Contained within the same language; involving a monolingual process adjective (linguistics, translation studies) grammar Contained within the same language; involving a monolingual process grammar intralingual ( not comparable) intralingual ( not comparable) Examples Stem The emperor wanted to count people in the cities in which they were born. It can be very cold outside in the winter in Judaea []. This definition is quite clear, but unlike the case of translation proper where numerous efforts are made to further define and exemplify what constitutes translation proper in the real world, it is not possible to find more than stray sentences as regards intralingual translation. Examples and Observations Intralingual translation - translation within the same language, which can involve rewording or paraphrase; Interlingual translation - translation from one language to another, and. Create an account to receive our newsletter, course recommendations and promotions. 11. Intralingual translation or rewriting, according to Roman Jakobson, is an interpretation of verbal signs by means of other signs of the same languages. The novel, completed at the end of the 19th century, was a book of legendary, which inquiries into the moral and psychological consequences of desire. Steiner was particularly interested in intralingual translation which was diachronically motivated: The schematic model of translation is one in which a message from a source-language passes into a receptor-language via a transformational process. for at lade sig indskrive tillige med Maria, sin trolovede, som var frugtsommelig. Multimodal approaches to intersemiotic translation The aim is to make the text understandable and interesting especially to the young members of a family.[10]. The most interesting findings of the analyses and of the comparison with interlingual translation is firstly the strong tendency of intralingual translation to involve a form of simplification a strategy which is not so often applied as the overall skopos of a translation proper. The Bible as a source text is a complicated matter though because of the interlingual translation which is also involved. Translation studies is engaged in the academic study of translation and it is therefore common that works on translation devote chapters or paragraphs to a definition of translation as a concept. Toury (1986: 1113) mentions interdialectal translation as a borderline case and also Pym (1992: 25) argues that there is no strict cut-off point. seem to be much more radical than what is seen in the majority of interlingual translations. Furthermore, the need for translation within the same language is also indicative of the richness of perspectives, knowledge and cultures that exist within our linguistic traditions (however forgotten). An assistant who is asked to rewrite a report, make it more complex, insert expert terms, etc. Tofa equips reindeer herders with words like 'chary' with the above meaning. It may be more productive though to look at some of the differences. Despite differences and diverse points of view among its participants, the conference was both provocative and productive. However, it is suggested that the de facto degree of freedom is larger in intralingual translation than in most instances of translation proper. Tourys definition is likely to exclude many intralingual (or intersemiotic) translations, not because of his three postulates, which themselves rely on open concepts, namely source text, transfer and intertextual relationship, but because of two necessary conditions; to constitute a translation a transfer process must have taken place between two languages/cultures and most importantly the resulting product must be assumed to be a translation by people in general. All utterances which are presented or regarded as such within the target culture, on no matter what grounds (Toury 1995: 32). Intralingual translation Qubecois - French SL = TL Malay - Indonesian SW = TW Scriptural translation Transliteration Transcription . The 1992 version is allegedly a new translation from Greek, but as mentioned above the translators do of course consult other modern language versions and in this case have leaned heavily on the 1948 version. Cookies at au.dk This line of thought was further elaborated by Steiner in 1975. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests.

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